Freyssinet promotes post-tensioned concrete technology in the construction of schools and colleges
Freyssinet introduced post-tensioned concrete building floor slabs to the UK in the early 1980’s. Since that time they have championed post-tensioning technology and contributed to its acceptance as a standard system of construction.
Offering a full service package, their in-house design team can support clients from conception through detailed design and site installation utilising experienced site managers and operatives. Freyssinet sets high and specified performance criteria positioned above the usual industry standards.
Last year Freyssinet successfully completed a number of post-tensioned slab contracts for the construction of schools and colleges throughout the UK. These included:
• The Learning Centre, Ebbw Vale Campus, Wales
• Bourneville College, Birmingham
• The Big Build, Rutland
• Orminston Academy, Birmingham
• Sir Robert Woodard Academy, Lancing
Freyssinet have recently been awarded further post-tensioned floor slab contracts for Wade Deacon High School in Widnes and the Learning Resource Centre at Stafford College. Freyssinet first got involved with the Wade Deacon project over a year before it was finally let, working with VINCI Construction to give cost advice on a concrete alternative to the then conforming steel framed structure with precast concrete flooring units. The post-tensioned alternative saved significantly on the build cost and the flat soffits assisted the architectural planning and services layout.
The structure consists of a spine block running the full length of the 106m long historic façade. Springing from the spine are three teaching wings, each comprising an atrium bounded by classrooms on either side. The three storey structure has 9,750m2 of suspended PT slabs, all being 230mm deep, each floor will be concreted in six pours.
The post-tensioning system selected by Freyssinet’s in-house design team is the 4B13 bonded system. At level 1, two 1000x350mm deep PT beams have been used to span up to 13.7m to allow a pair of columns to be omitted thus creating a feature access way. And on the roof level the same sized PT beams cantilever 3.3m thus avoiding having to run columns down through teaching space below.
Post-tensioned concrete is an ideal choice for academic building construction. It reduces the depth of the structural members meaning the floor to floor height is reduced. Post-tensioned concrete also has excellent deflection control due to the inbuilt parabolic profiles of the tendons, which directly counter deflection effects.
There is plenty of experience within Freyssinet of building post-tensioned concrete academic buildings. The majority of these have been designed and detailed by our in-house team of qualified and experienced engineers and technicians.
Post-tensioning provides a great many advantages, including:
• Increasing spans and load carrying capacity;
• Reducing slab thickness;
• Eliminating beam downstands;
• Reducing self weight, quantities of materials and loads on foundations;
• Considerably reducing and simplifying passive reinforcement;
• Reducing the number of expansion joints and columns;
• Better punching shear characteristics;
• Outstanding behaviour in seismic zones;
• Increased cracking resistance;
• Increased waterproofing due to concrete compression;
• Reduced excavation in basements;
• Deflection control;
• Removal of the formwork within 3 days;
• Environmental benefits, less concrete, less steel, fewer lorry journeys.
The environmental credentials of post-tensioned construction are one of the major selling points when the client’s team are trying to determine the construction material. Typically, post-tensioned slabs save about 25% of the slab depth and hence 25% of the concrete volume, when compared to the Reinforced Concrete (RC) equivalent. The steel content (reinforcement and post-tensioned combined) is often reduced by 65%.
In addition to academic buildings, post-tensioning also suits a wide variety of projects, such as:
• Offices
• Retail developments
• Underground car parks and multi-storey car parks
• Hospitals
• Business centres
• Industrial buildings
• Sports buildings
• Residential towers
Freyssinet complete concrete repair works at Harlech Swimming Pool
In 2007, the future of Harlech swimming pool in Wales, which was built in the 1970s, was in doubt when Gwynedd Council decided it could no longer afford to run it. A community company set up to save Harlech swimming pool from closure was established, and in 2010 they were handed the keys to the pool, and had secured grants from the lottery and Welsh Government to fund essential refurbishment works.
In July 2011 Freyssinet were appointed to carry out condition surveys of the swimming pool crawl duct walls and soffits to establish the scope and quantum of repair required to the concrete surfaces. The survey undertaken included a 100% sounding survey of the service void swimming pool elevations and soffits, a cover meter survey to establish reinforcement density and continuity testing to estimate the extent of electrical bonding that may be required during concrete repair to make the reinforcement compatible with electrochemical repair techniques.
Results of the survey found there to be deteriorating reinforcement steel within the crawl duct walls and soffit, along with areas of cracked and spalling concrete. Freyssinet put forward a solution of concrete repair and the installation of a cathodic protection (CP) system, appointing their sister company Corrosion Control Services Limited (CCSL), specialists in concrete corrosion prevention, to provide the design and specification for the CP system.
The perimeter crawl ducts where the works were to be carried out were classified as confined space, therefore, careful planning, correct equipment and monitoring as well as competent certified personal was all essential to complete the project in a safe manner.
Repair works commenced in December 2001 and the project was completed in two stages. Initially, Freyssinet broke out all delaminated and spalled concrete, then tested and ensured continuity of the reinforcing steel and completed concrete repairs.
The concrete repair areas were then allowed to cure prior to the installation of the ZLA “sticky zinc” galvanic CP system. The locations of zinc were marked out on the walls and soffit, and small pockets were broken out to allow for studs to be welded to the reinforcement and then electrically connected to the ZLA.
The works were completed in January 2012 to the satisfaction of the client. It is hoped that the successful refurbishment of the swimming pool, along with a new climbing wall and cafe will increase revenue and ensure the building can remain open.
Concrete Repair and Enhancement
Despite its many undoubted qualities, unfortunately concrete does not last for ever. The state of any potential concrete structure repair needs to be professionally assessed, so that the appropriate steps can be taken to ensure the safety of the structure, as well as its sustained durability for the future.
Freyssinet are able to offer a complete solutions package for any concrete structure, no matter how large it may be, and no matter how much it may need in the way of concrete repairs. By using sustainable technologies, Freyssinet are able to do more, but with less materials and energy, which sets them apart from the competition. Freyssinet can offer a full range of integrated concrete enhancement solutions, including: concrete repair, concrete replacement, hydrodemolition, wall sawing and diamond coring.
Concrete repairs are perhaps the most effective way that Freyssinet can prolong the life of your structure. If the concrete shows signs of cracking, if it is spalled, if it has become honeycombed or damaged in any other way, a concrete repair, or in more extensive areas, concrete repairs, may be the answer.
Before any concrete repair work is completed, thorough testing needs to be carried out to assess the true nature of any damage or degradation. Freyssinet are able to offer a comprehensive range of tests to accurately identify and diagnose any problems, before advising on what structural concrete refurbishment is required. These tests can also identify any underlying causes that may need to be addressed, saving additional expense for concrete repairs later on.
Once the appropriate type of concrete repair is identified, a range of techniques are available, including: leak sealing, sprayed concrete, pressure resin injection, vacuum resin injection, or a combination of pressure and vacuum resin injection using epoxy, or patch and thin bond repairs using high quality, modified mortars.
If the concrete is in poor condition, it may be that a concrete repair is not a viable option. Concrete replacement may be necessary, and once again, Freyssinet have a range of solutions available.
Before any replacement can begin, defective concrete will need to be removed. As part of your total Freyssinet solution, removal can be performed by conventional breaking out, or by using hydrodemolition techniques, by Freyssinet’s own in-house team.
Hydrodemolition utilises high pressure water jets, and can be used in small and large areas alike. It can also be used for the removal of coatings, which will then provide an excellent surface for repair materials or new coatings to bond to. This technique reduces the risk of potential harm caused by vibrations, cleans existing steel re-enforcement whilst causing no damage, eliminates dust and debris, and can result in a more efficient programme.
The Freyssinet team have over twenty years of experience in a wide range of hydrodemolition applications. As well as being highly trained and experienced, you can rest assured that they conform with, and adhere to, all the latest health and safety and quality standards of the industry.
Once the old concrete has been removed, Freyssinet will replace this with high performance concretes and mortars.
Concrete repairs and replacement are only part of a wide range of complimentary services offered by Freyssinet. Whether your project involves concrete bridge repair, concrete building repair, or any other kind of concrete structure repair, Freyssinet can offer a holistic package of products and services. Diagnosis, prevention and cure, are all part of the service offered by a company with the reputation, credentials and experience that have secured them landmark projects for the Highways Agency, and many others.
Structural Strengthening Experts
When you have a concrete structure that needs modification to prolong its lifespan, or a change of use needs to be accommodated, then strengthening is a possibility that should to be considered.
Freyssinet are in a position to offer clients a wide range of options when it comes to strengthening. Some of the potential applications for the various strengthening techniques include: increasing the floor slab load that is allowed, strengthening of the bridge deck, adding strengthening to new openings, and strengthening columns.
External post tensioning is appropriate when dealing with bridge decks in particular. Along with everything else Freyssinet have to offer is, a complete design and install post tensioning service for any of your existing structures. No matter how big the project may be Freyssinet can meet even the most demanding post tensioning applications. If the bridge structure is a large span box girder, Freyssinet can fit additional post tensioning inside the structure itself. External post tensioning can also be used to upgrade circular storage tanks, or to make them watertight. Tendons fitted to the outside of smaller span structures, are also something offered by Freyssinet.
In existing areas that have a high stress concentration or that may be subjected to bursting forces, pre-stress may need to be introduced. Freyssinet can meet these needs with their own Freyssibar pre-stressing system. This is a comprehensive range of fully threaded, high strength bars that are complimented by extension, coupling and anchoring systems. If you have an over-stressed area of an existing structure, this solution can be an effective remedial action. Freyssibars can also be an excellent option, if you are looking to increase the load carrying capacity of your existing structure with high tensile bars.
If under strength floor slabs or beams are the problem, you may want to consider plate bonding. This is a process where Freyssinet can take appropriately sized steel plates, then bolt them or bond them, with an epoxy adhesive to a structure’s tension zone. By applying this process to the specific area, the load carrying capacity can be increased as required, up to a certain degree.
Another alternative solution offered by Freyssinet is the use of a carbon fibre product called TFC. This reinforced polymer carbon fibre product is manufactured in house by Freyssinet, and can be an outstanding option in the right circumstances. TFC can be particularly useful if the area you need to reinforce has a complex profile, or if clearance height is an issue, such as in a multi-storey car park for example. Other advantages of TFC are that it adds no extra weight to the structure, it is suitable for use in a wide range of temperatures, and it is resistant to UV, fire and shocks.
The correct type of strengthening application is dictated by the structure, its use, its design, and the amount of desired load carrying increase to be achieved. All of these factors require careful consideration, which is why Freyssinet offer a complete design and build service for its clients. Their in-house teams can assist in deciding which is the most appropriate technical and economical solution for your strengthening requirements.
Structural Enhancement Specialists
Concrete deterioration is mostly caused by the combination of reinforcement corrosion which has been made worse by a surrounding concrete suffering from a reduction of alkalinity. The principle instigators of this form of deterioration can be carbonation and chloride attack. Carbonation can be caused by carbon dioxide that exists in the atmosphere, whilst chloride attacks are most likely the result of marine aggregates, de-icing salts or seawater. To minimise the effects of these elements, some form of concrete corrosion prevention is required.
To address the challenge of concrete corrosion prevention, there are several structural enhancement techniques to look at. These techniques include cathodic protection, coatings, grout injection, resins and wax injection. Freyssinet have been using these techniques for over thirty years, so you know that you are in good hands.
Cathodic protection is a concrete corrosion prevention technique that can be used where patch repairs are likely to be unsuccessful. Situations where cathodic protection may be the best form of concrete corrosion prevention are where there are sufficient amounts of chlorides in untreated areas of adjacent and untreated concrete. Cathodic protection may also be the best course of action where carbonation has managed to get behind the reinforcement layer.
The process of cathodic protection is achieved by passing a small amount of electric current through the reinforcement layer and offers several advantages over other concrete corrosion prevention techniques that can be used. Being a continuous process, it not only stops the existing corrosion; but also prevents further corrosion attacking the structure at a later date. There is also no need for any reapplication, it can be used on very badly damaged concrete, protects against both carbonation and chloride and can be adjusted and controlled through constant monitoring. Furthermore, it is a more economical alternative form of concrete corrosion prevention than concrete replacement. Cathodic protection is especially well suited to marine and motorway structures, which are highly susceptible to corrosion.
To prevent chemical attack whilst providing waterproofing, with limited maintenance costs and a long life expectancy; coating treatments are the answer. Freyssinet can provide clients with an extensive and full range of coatings to inhibit corrosion, provide anti-carbonation, waterproof and resist chemicals.
Void filling solutions can be applied using the injection of resins and grouts in both structural and non-structural applications. The latest vacuum assisted grouting technology, resin and polyester epoxy is used along with both high and low pressure injection equipment to deal with fine cracks within reinforced concrete structures. A wide range of different injection techniques are employed by Freyssinet’s teams of highly trained specialists. Whatever the problem, you can be assured that they have the expertise, experience and equipment to do the job.
For the full range of treatment work, from post-tensioning to ground anchors, more often now Freyssinet find it better to use wax injection, rather than more traditional grouts. The two major benefits for wax are its properties as a modern semi-solid bonding substance make it, more corrosion resistant, and a more flexible bonding agent to work with than traditional grouts. No matter how big the job, Freyssinet can provide the equipment needed, whether it’s a project needing 2 litre ‘top hat’ caps, or a 2000 litre application.
New Repair & Strengthening Brochure
With their Repairs Division continuing to expand and adapt within the current market Freyssinet Limited have taken the opportunity to update their Repair and Strengthening Brochure and promote the wide range of products and services that they are able to offer to their clients.
To download the new brochure please click below
Forthcoming Exhibitions
Freyssinet Limited invites you to come and discuss their wide range of products and services and ways in which we can support you at every stage of your structural enhancement project.
22-23 February 2012
UK Concrete Show, Ricoh Arena, Coventry
Freyssinet Limited will be exhibiting at Stand M13 of Europe’s best specialist concrete show, which brings the industry together, under one roof, to see and hear about all that’s new in concrete.
Freyssinet offers a full range of concrete repair and maintenance techniques providing clients with a “one stop” contracting service for all their repair requirements. Freyssinet assures clients of impartial advice with regard to repair material selection from the widest range of sources. The types of structure successfully repaired include bridges, buildings, car parks, and industrial structures. Freyssinet is a member of the Concrete Repair Association, Corrosion Prevention Association, Institute of Corrosion and Sprayed Concrete Association.
Freyssinet is recognised by the British Standards Institute to ISO 9001:2008, OHSAS 18001:2007 and ISO 14001:2004. We have a large in-house design department, and directly employ a highly trained, well motivated, experienced, and safety conscious workforce.
Assessment
Accurate identification of the type, severity and extent of problems affecting a structure are crucial in determining the underlying causes, and in developing effective and economic repair solutions. Freyssinet offers a comprehensive range of testing and reporting to allow clients to identify an appropriate repair strategy.
Concrete Replacement
Where concrete is in poor condition, or strengthening is required, replacement is often the only viable option. Freyssinet offer removal both by conventional breaking and hydrodemolition, with subsequent replacement using high performance repair concretes and mortars.
Concrete Repair
A wide range of techniques are available for repairing spalled, cracked, damaged, and honeycombed concrete including: modified mortars for patch and thin bond repairs; pressure and vacuum injection using epoxy, polyester, and cementitious grouts; and sprayed concrete.
Coatings
Freyssinet offer a full range of coatings.
Complementary services
Freyssinet undertake concrete repair as part of a wider range of complementary services that includes: cathodic protection and chloride removal, strengthening, parapet replacement, deck refurbishment, bearing replacement, jacking and sliding, plate bonding and carbon fibre bonding, retrofit steelwork installation, slab joint replacement, and external post-tensioning.
The UK Concrete Show is aimed at all concrete industry professionals, with over 100 exhibitors and 30 seminars the show is the biggest it’s ever been, totalling 6000m2 of all that’s best in concrete products, tools, systems and technology.
To reserve your place and for further information please click here
27-28 March 2012
Bridges 2012: Home & Away, The Midland Hotel, Manchester
Freyssinet origins are as a specialist in bridge construction and the manufacture of bridge bearings and our knowledge and expertise in this area remain unparalleled. Years of experience in the design, construction, testing and monitoring of structural systems have equipped Freyssinet Limited with exceptional insight and resources in the field of repair and strengthening. Our extensive track record of bridge work illustrates our capabilities to complete projects both large and small, and always to the highest standard. Traditionally our main area of work has been on highway structures, but Freyssinet have also been actively involved in the rail sector both as specialist civil engineers and structural enhancement professionals.
Services available include:
• Complete refurbishment as main contractor
• Bridge Jacking and Bearing Replacement
• Concrete Repair
• Concrete Coatings
• Cathodic Protection
• Strengthening / Retrofitting
• Post tension tendon regrouting
• Cable stay maintenance, replacement or repair
• Expansion Joint Replacement / Repair
Now in its 20th year, “Bridges” remains the leading event for highway authority bridge engineers and their private sector partners, and continues to act as the definitive forum for all issues relating to bridge management and maintenance, policy, strategy and funding.
To reserve your place and for further information please click here
Controlling Seismic Risks: Looking at buildings as an example
Although we cannot change seismic hazard, in other words the magnitude and occurrence of earthquakes, we can however increase a structure’s resistance/resilience and so reduce seismic risk through preventive measures.
How structures respond
Buildings do not all respond to earthquakes in the same way and their structural and architectural design influences how they are affected. The structures act as oscillators which amplify or reduce ground movements to varying degrees.
Structure types
In terms of building structures, two main types emerge: portal frame construction with brick infill, and concrete or brick shell construction. In an earthquake, these two types respond differently: portal frame types are flexible and behave with a flexural tendency, whereas concrete or masonry structures are more subject to shear stress, especially in the case of low buildings.
Fragility – evenness
Good architectural design aims for: non-resonance of the structure with the oscillations of the ground, elimination of torsional phenomena, minimising stress concentrations (uneven loads), continuous mass distribution, bracing elements distributed in a way appropriate to mass distribution, etc.
Seismic repair and reinforcement strategies
There are three main operational methods, once the fragility and evenness factors of the building have been dealt with:
- Increasing ductility (for example, carbon fibre jacketing of columns)
- Increasing strength (for example, use of shotcrete)
- Reducing seismic action (for example, Transpec® damper or use of bearing systems to isolate from the ground)
Freyssinet operates in all the following fields:
Durable Concrete Building and Concrete Structure Repair Techniques
Freyssinet Limited offer a wide range of products and services to carry out concrete repairs and structural concrete refurbishment to buildings and other concrete structures.
Where moisture is present, reinforced concrete structures can develop steel corrosion and even without salt-caused corrosion, carbonation eventually occurs in the majority of concrete structures. Steel-concrete corrosion is a widespread, continuing problem that requires durable, cost-effective concrete structure repairs.
Fortunately, concrete repair techniques traditionally applied mainly to bridges and highway structures, are now available to provide cost-effective and durable concrete repairs to buildings and other structures.
Expert deterioration survey
In cases where steel corrosion is suspected, Freyssinet Limited can provide an expert deterioration survey to identify the cause and extent of the corrosion. They offer a variety of concrete structure repairs and concrete corrosion prevention techniques depending on the type and condition of the structure, the cause of damage and the extent of the problem.
Strengthening
Freyssinet offers a range of highly effective structural concrete refurbishment and strengthening techniques to prolong the life-span of existing structures or allow a change of use. These high-grade concrete structure repairs include:
• Column strengthening
• Raising allowable floor slab loads
• Strengthening around new openings
• Modified mortars for patch and thin bond repairs
• Pressure and vacuum injection using epoxy, polyester, and cementitious grouts
• Sprayed concrete
Plate bonding
Plate bonding is an excellent strengthening method for under-strength beams and floor slabs. Steel plates are bolted/glued to the tension zone of the structural element with epoxy adhesive, increasing the depth composite section and enhancing the load carrying capacity.
Freyssibar high strength bars
Freyssibars are versatile, high-strength bars used to introduce pre-stress into existing areas which are subject to bursting forces or with high stress concentrations. In addition, Freyssibars provide a significant increase in load-carrying capacity, remedy over-stressed sections and are a suitable alternative to plate bonding.
FRP Composites
Freyssinet also offers TFC®, a carbon-fibre product. TFC® has numerous strengthening applications for concrete structure repairs. For example, beam strengthening, column-wrapping, reinforcement around new openings and floor slab strengthening.
Design and build service
Strengthening techniques required for concrete building repairs demand careful consideration of the existing and desired loading regimes to assess what strengthening methods are viable and to facilitate a technically appropriate, cost-effective design. Freyssinet has highly-qualified and experienced staff available to offer clients a comprehensive design and build strengthening service for concrete building repairs.
Electro-chemical concrete corrosion protection
Freyssinet also provides expert electro-chemical concrete corrosion prevention as part of its range of cost-effective, long-term concrete building repair techniques. Cathodic protection and other electro-chemical methods ensure surrounding concrete is protected from corrosion and provide cost-effective and durable concrete structure enhancement.
Cathodic Protection
This effective and long term solution to concrete corrosion is an important component of many concrete building repairs. The method utilises permanent anodes, an external power source and monitoring to minimise or completely stop the damaging action of chloride contamination throughout the entire area of concrete.
Electro-chemical chloride migration
This complementary technique for concrete building repair uses a temporary anode, external power supply and monitoring system to apply electric current to the steel. The positive charge repels the negative chloride ions and re-structures the passive layer.
Re-alkalisation – concrete repairs to carbonated concrete
Re-alkalisation is the equivalent of the ECCM concrete repairs technique above – but for carbonated concrete building repairs.
Freyssinet is always ready to provide the expert advice necessary for selecting specialist techniques for durable concrete building repairs and concrete corrosion prevention to ensure the most appropriate concrete repair technique is used.
Comprehensive Range of Freyssinet Services for Durable Concrete Repair and Refurbishment in Scotland
Freyssinet Limited has been providing first-class structural concrete repairs in Scotland and the rest of the UK for more than 30 years, offering a comprehensive range of structural concrete refurbishment and long-term repair techniques depending on the type of structure, the type of damage and the extent of concrete deterioration.
Concrete Bridge and Concrete Building Repair in Scotland
Freyssinet is a specialist bearing manufacturer producing standard and customised bearing design for concrete bridge repairs. If required, prior to bearing replacement, inspection and testing is carried out by our experts in Scotland. Freyssinet’s expert services include every other aspect of a high quality concrete bridge repair.
The range of techniques available for concrete bridge and concrete building repairs in Scotland includes:
• Modified mortars for patch and thin-bond repairs
• Pressure and vacuum injection using epoxy, polyester and cementitious grout
• Sprayed concrete – both wet- and dry-sprayed concrete structural repairs
• Expert hydrodemolition concrete removal
Hand- and machine-applied concrete repair mortar is appropriate for structural and non-structural concrete repairs. Hand application is suitable for small-scale concrete repairs and sprayed concrete is used on large-scale structural concrete refurbishment.
Strengthening
Freyssinet offers a range of highly effective strengthening techniques for structural concrete refurbishment in Scotland to prolong the life-span of existing structures or allow a change of use. These high-grade concrete structure repairs include:
• Column strengthening,
• Bridge deck strengthening
• Raising allowable floor slab loads
• Strengthening around new openings
External post-tensioning
This method is especially suitable for concrete bridge strengthening and Freyssinet offer an expert in-house design and installation service of supplemental post-tensioning to existing structures. Additional tendons can be fitted within the structure or externally depending on the size of the bridge. External post-tensioning is also a highly effective concrete structure repair technique for upgrading circular storage tanks in Scotland and the rest of the UK.
Plate bonding
Plate bonding is carried out by Freyssinet to provide an excellent strengthening method for under-strength beams and floor slabs.
Freyssibar high-strength bars
Freyssibars are versatile, high-strength bars used to introduce pre-stress into existing areas which are subject to bursting force or high stress concentrations. For example, concrete structure repair to bridge deck diaphragms, anchorage regions and column heads. In addition, Freyssibars provide a significant increase in load-carrying capacity and are a suitable alternative to plate bonding.
FRP Composites
Freyssinet also offers TFC®, a carbon-fibre product developed by the Freyssinet Group. TFC® has numerous strengthening applications for concrete structural repairs in Scotland. For example, beam strengthening, column-wrapping, reinforcement around new openings and floor slab strengthening.
Freyssinet One-stop Design and Build Service
Strengthening techniques required for concrete bridge and concrete building repairs demand careful consideration of the existing and desired loading regimes to assess what strengthening methods are viable and to facilitate a technically appropriate, cost-effective design. Freyssinet has a highly-qualified and experienced team available to offer clients a comprehensive design and build service for concrete repairs in Scotland.
Innovative Techniques
Innovative Cathodic Protection (CP), Chloride Migration and Re-alkalisation are modern techniques which have been used with success in hundreds of structures worldwide. Furthermore, electro-chemical methods have been approved by the Highways Agency for use in concrete corrosion prevention in Scotland and the rest of the UK. Chloride Migration is available as a technique for structural concrete refurbishment in Scotland, providing an excellent concrete corrosion prevention treatment. Re-alkalisation is the newest method for carbonated concrete structures in Scotland and worldwide.
Freyssinet Limited is a forward-thinking and highly experienced company, offering technically sound and cost-effective concrete repair and structural concrete refurbishment techniques in Scotland and the UK.